Accumulator plants and hormesis

Accumulation of metals by plants is an important area investigation in plant ecology and evolution as well soil contamination/phytoremediation practices. This paper reports that hormetic-biphasic dose-response relationships were commonly observed for multiple agents (i.e. arsenic, cadmium, chromium, fluoride, lead, zinc) 20 species (hyper)accumulator studies. The hormetic stimulation was related to metal accumulation affected tissues, with the concentration zone unique each metal, species, tissue, endpoint studied. However, quantitative features dose response similar across all (hyper)accumulation studies, results independent endpoints measured, metal. dose-dependent stimulatory inhibitory/toxic responses often associated up- down-regulation adaptive mechanisms, especially those involving anti-oxidative enzymatic processes. These findings provide a mechanistic framework account both qualitative